ویژگی‌های شخصیتی و قصد کارآفرینی اجتماعی (مورد مطالعه، صاحبان کسب‌وکارهای مواد غذایی در استان ایلام)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه کارآفرینی و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

2 گروه مدیریت، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

چکیده

ویژگی‌های شخصیتی به اندازه‌ای در پیش‌بینی مقاصد کارآفرینانه تأثیرگذارند که پژوهشگران‌ معتقدند ‌نمی‌توان ‌به سادگی ‌از ‌رویکرد‌ شخصیتی چشم‌پوشی‌کرد‌ و‌ هنوز‌ هم‌ نکات‌ پنهانی‌ در ‌این‌ زمینه ‌وجود ‌دارد. از آنجایی که کارآفرینان اجتماعی از ویژگی‌های شخصیتی متمایزی نسبت به کارآفرینان اقتصادی برخوردارند، لذا این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر ویژگی‌های شخصیتی بر قصد کارآفرینی اجتماعی صاحبان کسب‌وکارهای مواد غذایی در استان ایلام انجام شد. جامعه آماری کلیۀ صاحبان کسب‌وکارهای مواد غذایی استان ایلام به تعداد 1208 نفر بودند که با استفاده از جدول کرجسی و مورگان (1980) تعداد 415 نفر از آنان به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای با انتساب متناسب برای مطالعه انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها پرسشنامه‌ای استاندارد بود که روایی و پایایی آن توسط متخصصان موضوع و ضریب آلفای کرونباخ مورد بررسی و تأیید قرار گرفت (≥ 0.71α). نتایج نشان داد که از بین پنج ویژگی شخصیتی برون‌گرایی، تجربه‌گرایی، روان‌رنجوری، وظیفه‌شناسی و توافق‌پذیری تنها دو ویژگی تجربه‌گرایی(β= 0.431, t= 8.92) و وظیفه‌شناسی(β= 0.102, t= 1.96) تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر قصد کارآفرینی اجتماعی صاحبان کسب‌وکارهای مواد غذایی استان ایلام داشتند. در این راستا، مدیران و صاحبان کسب‌و‌کار چنان‌چه به دنبال تضمین موفقیت کاری خود باشند، باید با شناخت کامل از خصوصیات و صفات شخصیتی افراد، نسبت به استخدام کارکنان بر اساس تناسب صفات شخصیتی آنان برای انجام مسئولیت‌ها اقدام نمایند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Personality Traits and Social Entrepreneurship Intention (The Case of Food Business Owners in Ilam Province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mojgan Khoshmaram 1
  • Nematollah Shiri 1
  • Seidmehdi Veiseh 2
1 Department of Entrepreneurship and Rural Development, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
2 Department of Management, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Personality traits are so influential in predicting entrepreneurial intentions as researchers believe that personality approach cannot be simply ignored and there are still hidden points in this field. Since social entrepreneurs have distinct personality traits rather than economic entrepreneurs, this study aimed to investigate the effect of personality traits on the intention of social entrepreneurship among food business owners in Ilam province. The statistical population consisted of 1208 food business owners in Ilam province that by using the table of Krejci and Morgan (1980) 415 of whom were selected by stratified random sampling with appropriate assignment. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed by subject experts and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results showed that among the five personality traits of extraversion, openness to experience, neuroticism, conscientiousness and agreeableness, only two traits including openness to experience (β= 0.431, t= 8.92) and conscientiousness (β= 0.102, t= 1.96) had a positive and significant effect on the intention of social entrepreneurship of food business owners of Ilam province. In this regard, managers and business owners should be able to employ employees based on the appropriateness of their personality traits to perform the assigned tasks, with full knowledge of the characteristics and personality traits of individuals.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Community-oriented entrepreneurship
  • Openness to Experience
  • Conscientiousness
  • Food Business

مراجع

 احمدی، پ.، باباشاهی، ج.، خداشناس، ل. س. 1390. بررسی رابطه بین عوامل شخصیتی و کارآفرینی (پژوهشی پیرامون کارکنان شرکت داده­ورزی سداد). پژوهش­های مدیریت منابع سازمان، 1 (3): 21-1.
اوتادی، م.، صفری، س. 1398. بررسی تأثیر ویژگی‌های شخصیتی و رفتاری در تبیین قصد کارآفرینانه دانشجویان (مورد مطالعه: دانشگاه شاهد). توسعه کارآفرینی، 12(4): 520- 500.
جعفری، م.، مهدی‌زاده، ح.، شیری، ن. 1401. طراحی الگویی برای توسعه کارآفرینی اجتماعی در بین زنان روستایی: کاربرد نظریه داده‌بنیان. روستا و توسعه، 25(3): 138-115.
شیری، ن.، میرک‌زاده، ع. ا.، زرافشانی، ک. 1401. تحلیل جنسیتی تبیین‌کننده‌های رفتار کارآفرینانه دانشجویان ایران. مجله پژوهش‌های کارآفرینی، 1(1): 101-87.
یادگار، ن.، معماریانی، م. م.، صدق­آمیز، ع. 1393. قصد کارآفرینانة اجتماعی: اثر متقابل نگرش کارآفرینانة اجتماعی، امنیت مالی و سرمایة اجتماعی. توسعه کارآفرینی، 23: 152-133.
نادری، ن.، ریزوندی، ح. 1401. تأثیر ویژگی‌های شخصیتی در تبیین قصد کارآفرینانه دانشجویان دانشگاه رازی در سال 1401. راهبردهای نوین کارآفرینی و کسب‌وکار، 1(1): 68-53.
Adenuga, R. 2013. Entrepreneurship. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 1(12): 48-58.
Austin, J., Stevenson, H., and Wei-Skillern, J. 2006. Social and commercial entrepreneurship: Same, different or both?. Entrepreneurship Theory and Pratice, 30(1): 1-22.
Bacq, S., and Janssen, F. 2011. The multiple faces of social entrepreneurship: A review of definitional issues based on geographical and thematic criteria. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 23(5–6): 373-403.
Baum, J. R., Locke, E. A., and Smith, K. G. 2001. A multidimensional model of venture growth. Academy of Management Journal, 44: 292-303.
Bhawe, N., Gupta, V., and Trilok Kumar, J. 2006. The entrepreneurship of the good samaritan: a development framework to understand social entrepreneurship using insights from qualitative study. [http://ssrn.com/abstract-902685].
Bird, B. 1988. Implementing Entrepreneurial Ideas: The Case for Intentions. Academy of Management Review, 13: 442-454.
Bornstein, D. 2007. How to Change the World: Social Entrepreneurs and the Power of New Ideas. Oxford and NewYork: Oxford University Press.
Brandstätter, H. 2011. Personality aspects of entrepreneurship: A look at five meta-analyses. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(3): 222-230.
Brás, G. R., Daniel, A., and Fernandes, C.  2023. The effect of proximal personality traits on entrepreneurial intention among higher education students. International Journal of Innovation Science. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIS-10-2022-0198
Brice, J. 2002. The role of personality dimensions and occupational preferences on the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. Thesis, Mississippi State University.
Certo, S. T., and Miller, T. 2008. Social entrepreneurship: Key issues and concepts. Business Horizons, 51(4): 267-271.
Ciavarella, M. A., Buchholtz, A. K., Riordan, C. M., Gatewood, R. D., and Stokes, G. S. 2004. The Big Five and venture survival: Is there a linkage? Journal of Business Venturing, 19(4): 465-483.
Clark, M. H., and Schroth, C. A. 2010. Examining relationships between academic motivation and personality among college students. Learning and Individual Differences, 20(1): 19-24.
Collins, C. J., Hanges, P. J., and Locke, E. A. 2004. The relationship of achievement motivation to entrepreneurial behavior: a meta-analysis. Human Performance, 17(1): 95-117.
Costa, P. T., and McCrae, R. R. 1992. Four ways five factors are basic. Personality and Individual Differences, 13(6): 653-665.
Entrialgo, M., and Iglesias, V. 2016. The moderating role of entrepreneurship education on the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 12(4): 1209-1232.
Funder, D. C. 2001. The personality puzzle. New York: Norton.
GEM. 2015a. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Special topic report on social entrepreneurship. Author.
GEM. 2015b. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2015/2016 Global Report. Author.
Hafnidar, M. 2013. The relationship among five factor model of personality,spirituality and forgiveness. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 3(2): 18-35.
Hsu, C, Y., and Wang, S. M. 2018. Social entrepreneurial intentions and its influential factors: A comparison of students in Taiwan and Hong Kong. g, Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 56(3): 385-395.
Hurtz, G. M., and Donovan, J. J. 2000. Personality and job performance: The Big Five revisited. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(6): 869-879.
Ismail, M., Khalid, S. A., Othman, M., Jusoff, H. K., Rahman, N. A., Kassim, K. M., and Zain, R. S. 2009. Entrepreneurial intentions among Malaysian undergraduates. International Journal of Business and Management, 4(10): 54-60.
John, E., Buckner, V., Christopher, M., Castille, M., and Tilman, L. 2012. The five factor model of personality and employees excessive use of technology. Computers in Human Behavior, 28: 1947-1953.
Kring, A. M., Davison, G. C., and Johnson, S. H. L. 2011. Abnormal Psychology (Psychology of Abnormality). Shamsi Pour H (Persian translator). 10st ed. Tehran: Argmand Publications.
Krueger, N. F., Reilly, M. D., and Carsrud, A. L. 2000. Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15: 411-432.
Liang, C. T., Chia, T. L., and Liang, C. 2015. Effect of personality differences in shaping entrepreneurial intentions. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 6(4): 166-176.
Li, L.N., Huang, J.H., and Gao, S.Y. 2022. The Relationship Between Personality Traits and Entrepreneurial Intention Among College Students: The Mediating Role of Creativity. Frontiers in Psychology, 13: 822206. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.822206
Locke, E., and Baum, R. 2007 Entrepreneurial motivation. In J. Baum, M. Frese and R. Baron (eds.), The Psychology of Entrepreneurship, Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Locke, K. D. 2000. Circumplex scales of interpersonal values: Reliability, validity, and applicability to interpersonal problems and personality disorders. Journal of Personality Assessment, 75(2): 249-267.
Macke, J., Sarate, J. R., Domeneghini, J., and Da Silva, K. 2018. Where do we go from now? Research framework for social entrepreneurship. Journal of Cleaner Production, 138: 677-685.
Mair, J., and Noboa, E. 2003. Social entrepreneurship: how intentions to create a social enterprise get formed. Barcelona: IESE Business School.
Martin, R. L., and Osberg, S. 2007. Social entrepreneurship: the case for definition. Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring, New York, NY, 28-39.
McCarthy, B. 2003. Strategy Is Personality-Driven, Strategy Is Crisis-Driven: Insights from Entrepreneurial Firms. Management Decision, 41(4): 327-339.
McClelland, D. C. 1961. The Achieving Society. Princeton, NY: Van Nostrand.
McCrae, R. R., and Costa, P. T. 1997. Conceptions and correlates of openness to Experience; In S. R. Briggs, R. Hogan, & W. H. Jones (Eds.), Handbook of Personality Psychology (pp. 825–847). San Diego: Academic Press.
Murugesan, R., and Jayavelu, R. 2017. The influence of big five personality traits and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention: The role of gender. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies, 3(1): 41-61.
Nga, J. K. H., and & Shamuganathan, G. 2010. The influence of personality traits and demographic factors on social entrepreneurship start up intentions. Journal of Business Ethics, 95(2): 259-282.
Nordvik, H., and Brovold, H. 1998. Personality Traits in Leadership Tasks. Scandinavian Journal of Psycology, 39: 61-64.
Rahdari, A., Sepasi, S., and Moradi, M. 2016. Achieving sustainability through Schumpeterian social entrepreneurship: The role of social enterprises. Journal of Cleaner Production, 137: 347-60.
Rahim, R., and Raman, A. A. A. 2015. Cleaner production implementation in a fruit juice production plant. Journal of Cleaner Production, 101: 215-221.
Rauch, A., and Frese, M. 2007. Let`s put the person back into entrepreneurship research: A meta-analysis of the relationship between business owners’ personality characteristics and business creation and success. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16: 353-385.
Sahinidis, A., Frangos, C., and Fragkos, K. 2013. Does the Five Factor Model help predict academic performance? Evidence from a School of Business. Conference: 22nd International Business Information Management Association Conference, IBIMA 2013, 13 November 2013 through 14 November 2013.
Sahinidis, A. G., Panagiotis, A. T., Eleni, G., and Dimitris, S. 2020. The Influence of the Big Five Personality Traits and Risk Aversion on Entrepreneurial Intention. In book: Strategic Innovative Marketing and Tourism (pp.215-224).
Seelos, C., and Mair, J. 2005. Social entrepreneurship: Creating new business models to serve the poor. Business Horizons, 48: 241-246.
Shiri, N., and Jafari-Sadeghi, V. 2023. Corporate social responsibility and green behaviour: Towards sustainable food-business development. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 30(2): 605-620.
Simmou, W., Sameer, I., Hussainey, K., and Simmou, S. 2023. Sociocultural factors and social entrepreneurial intention during the COVID-19 pandemic: Preliminary evidence from developing countries. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-023-00858-1.
Steinerowski, A., Jack, S., and Farmer, J. 2008. Who are the social entrepreneurs and What do they actually do? Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 28(21): 15-32.
Stewart, W. H., and Roth, P. L. 2007. A Meta-Analysis of Achievement Motivation Differences between Entrepreneurs and Managers. Journal of Small Business Management, 45(4): 401-421.
Taylor, N., and De Bruin, G. P. 2006. Basic traits inventory: Technical manual. Johannesburg; Jopie van Rooyen and Partners.
Thirapongphaiboon, N. 2018. The power of social enterprises in encouraging food sustainability transitions in consumerism towards food waste reduction in the UK, Denmark, and the Netherlands: concept, framework, and applicable practices for social entrepreneurs. Thesis for: MA Social Entrepreneurship, Goldsmiths, University of London, Institute for Creative and Cultural Entrepreneurship.
Tan Lc, P. 2022. The relationships between Big-Five personality traits and social entrepreneurship intention.
Cogent Business & Management, 9(1): https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2137950 
Vecchio, R. P. 2003. Entrepreneurship and leadership: common trends and common threats. Human Resource Management Review, 13(2): 303-327.
Yin Ip, C., Wu, S.C., Liu, H. C., and Liang, C. 2017. Social Entrepreneurial Intentions of Students from Hong Kong. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 27(1): 47-64.
Young, D. R. 2007.  A Unified Theory of Social Enterprise. Edward Elgar Publishing, forthcoming.
Zahra, S., Gedajlovic, E., Neubaum, D., and Shulman, J. 2009. A typology of social entrepreneurs: Motives, search processes and ethical challenges. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5): 519-532.
Zakaria, M. N., and Bahrein, A. B. A. 2018. Formation of Social Entrepreneurship Intention in Malaysia. International Journal of Advanced Studies in Social Science & Innovation, 2(2): 57-69.
Zhao, H., and Seibert, S. E. 2006. The Big Five personality dimensions and entrepreneurial status: A meta-analytical review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(2): 259-27.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار