ریشه‌های پیدایش بیکاری دانش‌آموختگان دانشگاهی: مطالعه‌ی استان کرمانشاه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه آموزشی مدیریت و کارآفرینی، دانشکده اقتصاد و کارآفرینی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

2 دکترای آموزش کشاورزی و مدرس گروه مدیریت و کارآفرینی دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

3 گروه آموزشی مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده حسابداری و مدیریت جوانرود، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

4 کارشناس ارشد حقوق

چکیده

اشتغال نیروی انسانی به‌ویژه دانش‌آموختگان دانشگاهی ازجمله مهم‌ترین و اساسی‌ترین اهداف برنامه‌ریزی اقتصادی- اجتماعی هر جامعه‌ای را تشکیل می‌دهد. بر این اساس، مطالعه حاضر به بررسی زمینه‌های پیدایش بیکاری دانش‌آموختگان دانشگاهی استان کرمانشاه پرداخت. بدین منظور از روش آمیخته‌ی متوالی اکتشافی استفاده شد. جامعه مورد مطالعه در بخش کیفی، شامل متخصصان موضوعی در زمینه‌ی اشتغال در استان بود که به روش نمونه‌گیری از موارد ویژه تا رسیدن به اشباع داده انتخاب شدند (28 تن). داده‌های بخش کیفی با استفاده از روش مصاحبه گردآوری و با استفاده تکنیک کدگذاری سه‌سطحی (باز، محوری، و سازمان‌دهنده) تحلیل شدند. در بخش کمّی پژوهش، برای تعیین مهم‌ترین عامل‌های اثرگذار شناسایی شده بر بیکاری دانش‌آموختگان، پرسشنامه‌ای محقق ساخته تدوین شد و در اختیار 51 نفر از متخصصان موضوعی قرار گرفت. روش نمونه‌گیری در این بخش نیز از نوع غیر احتمالی (موارد ویژه) و از طریق ارجاع زنجیره‌ای بود. روایی و پایایی ابزار پژوهش در بخش‌های مختلف با استفاده از تکنیک‌های خودبازبینی گروه پژوهش، مصاحبه با متخصصان موضوعی و ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شد (86 ≤α). یافته‌ها نشان داد که رفع مشکلات فرهنگی-اجتماعی، اقتصادی، حاکمیتی و دانشگاهی مرتبط با بیکاری دانش‌آموختگان مانند ضعف در فرهنگ کارآفرینی، میل به استخدام دولتی، رواج مدرک‌گرایی، تورم بیش از حد، ناکامی در جذب سرمایه‌گذاران به استان، ناهماهنگی بین نیازهای بازار کار و آموزش‌های دانشگاهی می‌تواند کمک قابل توجهی به کاهش نرخ بیکاری کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Origins of Unemployment among University Graduates: Study of Kermanshah Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • yousef Mohammadifar 1
  • Feyzallah Monavvarifard 2
  • Mohamad Rasoul Almasifard 3
  • Roshanak Moradi Azani 4
1 Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Economics and Entrepreneurship, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Ph.D of agricultural Education and Lecturer in Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
3 Department of Business Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
4 M.Sc of Law
چکیده [English]

Employment of human resources, especially university graduates, is one of the most important and basic goals of economic-social planning of any society. Based on this, the present study examined and analyzed the causes of unemployment among the graduates of Kermanshah province. An explanatory sequential mixed method was used to achieving the research goal. The statistical population in the qualitative phase was included of experts who were selected using special cases sampling method until reaching theoretical saturation (n=28). Data were collected using the in-depth interview method and analyzed using the three-level coding technique. In the quantitative phase, to determine the most important influencing factors on the graduate's unemployment, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The validity and reliability of the research tool in different phases were confirmed using triangulation, interviews with experts and Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α≥ 0.86). The findings showed that solving socio-cultural, economic, governance and academic problems related to the unemployment of graduates (such as weakness in entrepreneurial culture, desire for government employment, the prevalence of degree orientation, excessive inflation, failure to attract investors to the province, inconsistency between market needs and university outputs) can significantly contribute to reducing the graduates unemployment rate.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Self efficacy
  • Mix-method research
  • Kermanshah
  • Unemployment
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