شبکه ارزش محصولات صادراتی (مطالعه موردی صادرات شبکه‌های ارزش برنج باسماتی هند)

نوع مقاله : مقاله تحلیلی

نویسندگان

1 دکترای کسب وکار کشاورزی از دانشگاه میسور هندوستان

2 استاد، گروه کسب وکار کشاورزی، دانشگاه میسور، هندوستان

چکیده

اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﺷﺘﻐﺎل و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﯿﮑﺎری ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی مهم ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﯾﺎﻓﺘﮕﯽ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﯾﮑـﯽ از ملزومات اساسی ﺑﺮای ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ نیاز، توسعه شبکه‌های ارزش در صادرات محصولات ﮐﺸﺎورزی است. هدف این تحقیق نیز تحلیل صادرات شبکه ارزش برنج باسماتی در کشور هند به عنوان بزرگترین تولیدکننده و صادرکننده این برنج در جهان است و می‌تواند تجارب ارزشمندی برای ایران به همراه داشته باشد. بررسی‌ها بیانگر این بود که صادرات شبکه ارزش برنج باسماتی، توسعه کسب وکار و کارآفرینی و به تبع آن ارزآوری و درآمد‌زایی بسیار بالایی را برای هند به ارمغان آورده است. تجربه طولانی تولید و صادرات برنج در کنار روند آزادسازی تجارت جهانی برای برنج باسماتی توانسته شبکه ارزش صادرات این محصول را به صورت قابل توجهی گسترش دهد. این مهم در سایه شرایط محیطی و اقلیمی مناسب و شناخت مناسب از برند برنج باسماتی در سطح جهان تقویت شده است. از طرفی تغییرات قیمت محصول صادراتی و عدم تناسب آن در برخی موارد با قیمت‌های تولیدی باعث کاهش صرفه اقتصادی کشت کار برنج شده است. در حالی که تهدیدها بیشتر متمرکز بر تغییرات در قوانین داخلی کشورهای مقصد از جمله ایران است که در برخی موارد باعث لغو مجوزهای وارداتی شده و باعث زیان تولیدکنندگان شده است. به علاوه حساسیت برخی کشورها به ویژه در اتحادیه اروپا به مصرف محصول سالم نیز محدودیت‌های زیادی برای واردات این محصول ایجاد کرده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Value network of export products (Case Study of Export of Basmati Rice Value Networks of India)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Saeid Hamidi 1
  • Manjunat Deveraj 2
1 Ph.D in Agricultural Business, University of Mysore, India
2 Professor, Department of Agricultural Business, University of Mysore, India
چکیده [English]

Increasing employment and reducing unemployment are considered as one of the important indicators of the development of societies. One of the basic requirements to meet this demand is development of value networks in the export of agricultural products. The purpose of this study is to analyze the export of Basmati rice value network in India, as the largest producer and exporter of this type of rice in the world which can have valuable experiences for Iran. Results showed the export of Basmati rice value network has brought India a lot of business development and entrepreneurship and, consequently, very high exchange rate and income. Long experience of rice production and export along with the process of liberalization of world trade for Basmati rice has been able to considerably expand the network of export value of this product. This is strengthened by the appropriate environmental and climatic conditions and the proper knowledge of the Basmati rice brand around the world. On the other hand, changes in the price of export products and its disproportion in some cases with production prices have reduced the economic efficiency of rice cultivation. While the threats are more focused on changes in the domestic laws of destination countries, including Iran, which in some cases has led to the cancellation of import licenses and has caused losses to producers. In addition, the sensitivity of some countries, especially in the European Union, to the consumption of a healthy product has created many restrictions on the import of this product.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • value networks
  • agricultural exports
  • rice trade
  • Basmati rice business

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