Analyzing the effect of the learning environment in entrepreneurship courses on entrepreneurial intention considering the mediating role of students’ attitudes toward business

Authors

1 Department of Public Administration, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Business Administration, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of the learning environment in entrepreneurship courses on entrepreneurial intention with regard to the mediating role of students' attitude towards business. This research is based on the purpose of applied type and in terms of survey method. The statistical population consisted of 127 graduate students of management and entrepreneurship at Razi University. Based on the census sampling method, all students were selected as samples. The data collection tools were standard questionnaires of learning environment in entrepreneurship courses, entrepreneurial intention and students' attitude towards business. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by using the opinions of experts in the field of management and their reliability through Cronbach's alpha. The data were analyzed using structural equation model and Smart PLS4 software. The research findings showed that at the error level of 0.05, the learning environment in entrepreneurship courses has a positive and significant effect on students' attitude towards business and their entrepreneurial intention. The results showed that students' attitude towards business has improved their entrepreneurial intention. The findings showed that the learning environment has a significant effect on entrepreneurial intention indirectly and through strengthening the variable of students' attitude towards business (P-value = 0.03, γ = 0.230). Providing a learning environment for entrepreneurship courses can provide the basis for the development of entrepreneurial abilities and with the positive effect it has on the entrepreneurial attitude of students, it strengthens the entrepreneurial intention in them.

Keywords

Main Subjects


 باقرصاد، و.، زالی، م.، رضوی، س.، و سعیدبنادکی، س. 1392. تأثیر آموزش کارآفرینی بر قصد کارآفرینی دانشجویان رشته‌های فنی‌وحرفه‌ای. توسعه کارآفرینی، 6 (4): 36-21.
پوروایی، ع.، محبوبی، م.، و شریف‌زاده، م. 1397. تأثیر درس کارآفرینی بر قصد کارآفرینی دانشجویان (موردمطالعه: دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان). مطالعات کارآفرینی و توسعه پایدار کشاورزی، 5 (4): 42-27.
پوروایی، ع.، محبوبی، م.، و شریف‌زاده، م. 1399. بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر قصد کارآفرینی دانشجویان (موردمطالعه: دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان). راهبردهای کارآفرینی در کشاورزی، ۷ (۱۴): 115-103.
خلیلی‌خضرآبادی، م.، و حسنی، م. 1401. تأثیر آموزش کارآفرینی و هویت اجتماعی کارآفرینانه بر قصد کارآفرینانه دانشجویان؛ نقش میانجی خودکارآمدی کارآفرینی. آموزش و مدیریت کارآفرینی، 1 (1): 18-1.
درینی، م.، آقاجانی­افروزی، ع.، و طهماسبی‌روشن، ن. 1401. بررسی نقش آموزش کارآفرینی و قصد کارآفرینی دانشجویان با نقش میانجی خودباوری، نگرش و ذهنیت (موردمطالعه دانشجویان استان مازندران). پژوهش در نظام‌های آموزشی، 16 (56): 145-131.
سلطانی، آ.، و مهرابی، ع. 1399. رابطه علّی آموزش با قصد کارآفرینی: نقش انگیزه‌های کارآفرینی. مطالعات روانشناسی صنعتی و سازمانی، 7 (1): 206-189.
قناعتی، م.، نودهی، ح.، قدرتی، ا.، و جلالی‌فر، ع. 1396. تأثیر آموزش کارآفرینی بر قصد کارآفرینانة دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار. مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار، 24 (5): 325-319.
کریمی، س. 1394 (الف). بررسی آثار مستقیم، غیرمستقیم و تعدیلی محیط نهادی بر قصد کارآفرینانه دانشجویان کشاورزی. توسعه کارآفرینی، 8 (2): 390-371.
کریمی، س. 1394 (ب). بررسی ادراک دانشجویان کشاورزی از محیط یادگیری در دروس کارآفرینی. مطالعات کارآفرینی و توسعه پایدار کشاورزی، 2 (4): 111-93.
کریمی، س.، ملامیرزایی، ف.، و موحدی، ر. 1395. تأثیر آموزش کارآفرینی و سودمندی آن بر قصد کارآفرینانه دانشجویان کشاورزی دانشگاه‌های غرب کشور. پژوهش مدیریت آموزش کشاورزی، 8 (38): 65-51.
مکی‌زاده، و.، خرم، ر.، بحری، ش.، و شراعی، ف. 1399. نقش آموزش کارآفرینی و خلاقیت مدرس بر قصد کارآفرینانه دانشجویان مراکز آموزش عالی علوم دریایی هرمزگان. آموزش علوم دریایی، 7 (4): 15-1.
نادریان‌جهرمی، م.، و پژوهان، ف. 1399. تحلیل نقش آموزش کارآفرینی در اشتغال فارغ‌التحصیلان رشته علوم ورزشی. رویکردهای نوین در مدیریت ورزشی، 8 (31): 137-125.
یوسفی‌طوین، س.، کرامتی، م.، و سهرابی، ط. 1400. طراحی مدل آموزش کارآفرینی مؤثر بر قصد کارآفرینی دانشجویان تحصیلات تکمیلی دانشکده مدیریت دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی. مدیریت کسب‌وکار، 13 (50): 521-503.
Adeel, S., Daniel, A. D., and Botelho, A. 2023. The effect of entrepreneurship education on the determinants of entrepreneurial behaviour among higher education students: A multi-group analysis. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 8 (1): 100324.
Ahmad, S. Z., Ismail, M. Z., and Buchanan, F. R. 2014. Examining the entrepreneurship curriculum in Malaysian polytechnics. The International Journal of Management Education, 12(3): 397-406.
Ajzen, I. 1991. The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50 (2): 179–211.
Ajzen, I. 2002. Perceived behavioral control, self‐efficacy, locus of control, and the theory of planned behavior 1. Journal of applied social psychology, 32 (4): 665-683.
Autio, E., Keeley, R. H., Klofsten M., and Ulfstedt, T. 1997. Entrepreneurial intention among students: Testing an intention model in Asia, Scandinavia and USA. Proceedings of the Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Babson College, Babson Park, MA.
Bagis, A. A. 2022. Building students’ entrepreneurial orientation through entrepreneurial intention and workplace spirituality. Heliyon, 8 (11): e11310.
Barba-Sánchez, V. and Atienza-Sahuquillo, C. 2018. Entrepreneurial intention among engineering students: The role of entrepreneurship education. European research on management and business economics, 24(1): 53-61.
Barrera-Verdugo, G., and Villarroel-Villarroel, A. 2022. Evaluating the relationship between social media use frequency and entrepreneurial perceptions and attitudes among students. Heliyon, 8(4): e09214.
Batista-Canino, R. M., Santana-Hernández, L., and Medina-Brito, P. 2023. A scientometric analysis on entrepreneurial intention literature: Delving deeper into local citation. Heliyon, e13046.
Chege, S.M. and Wang, D. 2020. The influence of technology innovation on SME performance through environmental sustainability practices in Kenya. Technology in Society, 60: 1-12.
Christensen, B. T., Arendt, K. M., McElheron, P., and Ball, L. J. 2023. The design entrepreneur: How adaptive cognition and formal design training create entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. Design Studies, 86: 101181.
Do, B. R., and Dadvari, A. 2017. The influence of the dark triad on the relationship between entrepreneurial attitude orientation and entrepreneurial intention: A study among students in Taiwan University. Asia Pacific Management Review, 22(4): 185-191.
Fayolle, A. 2013. Personal views on the future of entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 25 (7-8): 692-701.
Fayolle, A., and Liñán, F. 2014. The future of research on entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Research, 67(5): 663-666.
Fenech, R., Baguant, P., and Ivanov, D. 2019. Entrepreneurial attitudes, self-efficacy, and subjective norms amongst female Emirati entrepreneurs. International Journal of entrepreneurship, 23 (1): 1-11.
Haddad, G., Haddad, G., and Nagpal, G. 2021. Can students’ perception of the diverse learning environment affect their intentions toward entrepreneurship? Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 6(3): 167-176.
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., and Sarstedt, M. 2011. PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing theory and Practice, 19 (2): 139-152.
Hernández-Sánchez, B.R., Sánchez-García, J.C. and Mayens, A.W. 2019. Impact of entrepreneurial education programs on total entrepreneurial activity: The case of Spain. Administrative Sciences, 9 (1): 1-16.
Hou, F., Qi, M. D., Su, Y., Wu, Y. J., and Tang, J. Y. 2023. How does university-based entrepreneurship education facilitate the development of entrepreneurial Intention? Integrating passion-and competency-based perspectives. The International Journal of Management Education, 21(2): 100798.
Hulland, J. 1999. Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 20 (2): 195-204.
Iwu, C. G., Opute, P. A., Nchu, R., Eresia-Eke, C., Tengeh, R. K., Jaiyeoba, O., and Aliyu, O. A. 2021. Entrepreneurship education, curriculum and lecturer-competency as antecedents of student entrepreneurial intention. The International Journal of Management Education, 19 (1): 100295.
Jena, R. K. 2020. Measuring the impact of business management Student's attitude towards entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention: A case study. Computers in Human Behavior, 107: 106275.
Johannisson, B. 1991. University Training for Entrepreneurship: A Swedish approach. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 3 (1): 67-82.
Krueger, N.F. and Carsrud, A. L. 1993. Entrepreneurial intentions: Applying the theory of planned behaviour. Entrepreneurship & regional development, 5(4): 315-330.
Liñán, F., Rodríguez-Cohard, J. C., and Rueda-Cantuche, J. M. 2011. Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels: a role for education. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7: 195-218.
Liu, M., Gorgievski, M. J., Zwaga, J., and Paas, F. 2023. How entrepreneurship program characteristics foster students' study engagement and entrepreneurial career intentions: A longitudinal study. Learning and Individual Differences, 101: 102249.
Martins, I., Perez, J. P., and Novoa, S. 2022. Developing orientation to achieve entrepreneurial intention: A pretest-post-test analysis of entrepreneurship education programs. The International Journal of Management Education, 20 (2): 100593.
Mohamed, Z., Rezai, G., Nasir Shamsudin, M., and Mu’az Mahmud, M. 2012. Enhancing young graduates’ intention towards entrepreneurship development in Malaysia. Education+ Training, 54(7): 605-618.
Olokundun, M., Iyiola, O., Ibidunni, S., Ogbari, M., Falola, H., Salau, O., and Borishade, T. 2018. Data article on the effectiveness of entrepreneurship curriculum contents on entrepreneurial interest and knowledge of Nigerian university students. Data in Brief, 18, 60-65.
Peng, Z., Lu, G., and Kang, H. 2013. Entrepreneurial intentions and its influencing factors: A survey of the university students in Xi’an China. Creative Education, 3 (08): 95-100.
Salavou, H., Mamakou, X., and Douglas, E. J. 2023. Entrepreneurial intention in adolescents: The impact of psychological capital. Journal of Business Research, 164, 114017.
Schwarz, E. J., Wdowiak, M. A., Almer‐Jarz, D. A., and Breitenecker, R. J. 2009. The effects of attitudes and perceived environment conditions on students' entrepreneurial intent: An Austrian Perspective. Education+ Training, 18: 25-35.
Sieger, P., Fueglistaller, U. and Zellweger, T. 2014. Student Entrepreneurship across the Globe: A Look at Intentions and Activities. International Report of the GUESSS Project 2013/2014. Swiss Research Institute of Small Business and Entrepreneurship at the University of St.Gallen (KMU-HSG).
Sobel, M. E. 1986. Some new results on indirect effects and their standard errors in covariance structure models. Sociological Methodology, 16: 159-186.
Soria-Barreto, K., Honores-Marin, G., Gutiérrez-Zepeda, P., and Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, J. 2017. Prior exposure and educational environment towards entrepreneurial intention. Journal of technology management & innovation, 12 (2): 45-58.
Tkachev, A., and Kolvereid, L. 1999. Self-employment intentions among Russian students. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 11(3): 269-280.
Wang, C., Zhang, J., Cao, J., Hu, H., and Yu, P. 2019. The influence of environmental background on tourists' environmentally responsible behaviour. Journal of Environmental Management, 231: 804-810.
Wardana, L. W., Narmaditya, B. S., Wibowo, A., Mahendra, A. M., Wibowo, N. A., Harwida, G., and Rohman, A. N. 2020. The impact of entrepreneurship education and students' entrepreneurial mindset: the mediating role of attitude and self-efficacy. Heliyon, 6 (9): e04922.
Yeh, C. H., Lin, H. H., Wang, Y. M., Wang, Y. S., and Lo, C. W. 2021. Investigating the relationships between entrepreneurial education and self-efficacy and performance in the context of internet entrepreneurship. The International Journal of Management Education, 19 (3): 100565.
Yousaf, H. Q., Munawar, S., Ahmed, M., and Rehman, S. 2022. The effect of entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial intention: The moderating role of culture. The International Journal of Management Education, 20 (3): 100712.