Identifying the Indicators and Components of the Development of Corporate Social Responsibility Based on the Components of Competitive Advantage

Authors

1 Department of Entrepreneurship Management . Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran.

2 Department of Entrepreneurship Management . Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katuol, Iran.

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to identify the components and indicators of the development of corporate social responsibility based on the components of competitive advantage, which has been implemented by focusing on the functions and duties assigned to international commerce chambers. This research has been done in two stages. The first stage was carried out using the fuzzy Delphi technique with the aim of identifying social responsibility indicators. At this stage, the statistical sample consisted of 30 academic experts and high managers of commerce chambers who were selected in a targeted manner. In the second stage, a quantitative approach was used to screen and confirm the identified categories. In this part, the statistical sample included 357 experts of commerce chambers and they were selected by random cluster method among different provinces. The findings of this study showed four dimensions in the form of 12 components and 46 indicators for the corporate social responsibility of commerce chambers. The environmental dimension has four components: "sustainability", "efficiency", "green cities" and "efficient infrastructure", the ethical dimension has two components: "responsiveness to stakeholders" and "social justice", the economic dimension has four components: "entrepreneurial economy". "competitive economy", "producer economy" and "efficient economy" and the legal dimension also have two components: "complying with requirements in upstream documents" and "fulfilling obligations to all stakeholders". Therefore, it is suggested to take measures based on knowledge and communication and information innovations to promote corporate social responsibility based on the components of the competitive advantage of international commerce chambers.

Keywords

Main Subjects


حساس یگانه، ی.، برزگر، ق. 1392. ارائه­ی مؤلفه­ها و شاخص­های بُعد اجتماعی مسؤولیت شرکت­ها و وضعیت موجود آن در ایران. فصلنامه­ی مطالعات توسعه­ی اجتماعی- فرهنگی، 2 (1): 932-902.
فرجی، ا.، جنتی دریاکناری، ف.، منصوری، ک.، یونسی مطیع، ف. 1399. مسئولیت­پذیری اجتماعی و ارزش شرکت: نقش تعدیلگر مدیریت سود.  مدیریت سرمایه اجتماعی، 7 (1): 25-58.
کاظم­پور، م.، کاشانی‌پور، م.، یزدی­فر، ح.، حمیدی­زاده، ع. 1399. چارچوبی برای رتبه‌بندی افشای مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی شرکت‌ها. پژوهش‌های حسابداری مالی، 12(1): 103-124.
Aguinis, H., and Glavas, A. 2012. What we know and don’t know about corporate social responsibility: A review and research agenda. Journal of Management, 38(4): 932–968.
Albasu, J., and Nyameh, J. 2017. Relevance of stakeholder's theory, organizational identity theory and social exchange theory to corporate social responsibility and employee's performance in the commercial banks in Nigeria. International Journal of Business, Economics and Management, 4 (5): 95-105.
Bansal, P. 2005. Evolving sustainably: A longitudinal study of corporate sustainable development. Strategic Management Journal, 26(3): 197–218.
Barnard, C.I. 1938. The theory of authority”, in The functions of the Executive. Harvard University Press, pp. 161-184.
Barnea, A., and Rubin, A. 2010. Corporate social responsibility as a conflict between shareholders. Journal of Business Ethics, 97(1): 71–86.
Bocquet, R., Le Bas, C., Mothe, C. and Poussing, N. 2017. CSR, innovation, and firm performance in sluggish growth contexts: a firm-level empirical analysis. Journal of Business Ethics,  146 (1): 241-254.
Bowen, H.R. 1953. Social Responsibility of the Businessman. Harper and Row, New York.
Busch, T., and Friede, G. 2018. The robustness of the corporate social and financial performance relation: a second-order meta-analysis. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 25 (4): 583-608.
Carroll, A. B. 1979. A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate performance. Academy of Management Review, 4(4): 497–505.
Chen, T., Dong, H., and Lin, C. 2018. Institutional shareholders and corporate social responsibility: Evidence from two quasi-natural experiments. Journal of Financial Economics, 135(2), 483-504.
Chin, M. K., Hambrick, D. C., and Treviño, L. K. 2013. Political ideologies of CEOs: The influence of executives’ values on corporate social responsibility. Administrative Science Quarterly, 58(2): 197–232.
Cordeiro, J.J. and Tewari, M. 2015. Firm characteristics, industry context, and investor reactions to environmental CSR: a stakeholder theory approach. Journal of Business Ethics, 130 (4): 833-849.
David, P., Bloom, M., and Hillman, A. J. 2007. Investor activism, managerial responsiveness, and corporate social performance. Strategic Management Journal, 28(1): 91–100.
Delery, J.E. and Roumpi, D. 2017. Strategic human resource management, human capital and competitive advantage: is the field going in circles? Human Resource Management Journal 27 (1): 1-21.
El Ghoul, S., Guedhami, O., Kwok, C. C., and Mishra, D. R. 2011. Does corporate social responsibility affect the cost of capital? Journal of Banking & Finance, 35(9): 2388–2406.
Esposito, B., Sessa, M. R., Sica, D., and Malandrino, O. 2021. Exploring Corporate Social Responsibility in the Italian wine sector through websites. The TQM Journal, 32 (7): 222-252.
Flammer, C., and Kacperczyk, A. 2015. The impact of stakeholder orientation on innovation: Evidence from a natural experiment. Management Science, 62(7): 1982–2001.
Follett, M.P. 1940. The meaning of responsibility in business management. in Metcalf, H.C. and Urwick, L. (Eds), Dynamic Administration: The Collected Papers of Mary Parker Follett, Harper and Brothers Publishers, New York, NY, pp. 146-166.
Freeman, R. 1984. Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Stamford, CT: Issue Action Publications.
Friedman, M. 1970. The strategic responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York Times Magazine, 13 September, Section SM, p. 17.
Gardiner, L., Rubbens, C. and Bonfiglioli, E. 2003. Big business, big responsibilities. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 3 (30: 67-77.
Garriga, E., and Melé, D. 2004. Corporate social responsibility theories: Mapping the territory. Journal of Business Ethics, 53(1–2): 51–71.
Hoejmose, S., Brammer, S., and Millington, A. 2013. An empirical examination of the relationship between business strategy and socially responsible supply chain management. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 33(5): 589–621.
Jamali, D. 2008. A stakeholder approach to corporate social responsibility: a fresh perspective into theory and practice. Journal of Business Ethics, 82 (1): 213-231.
Jansson, J., Nilsson, J., Modig, F., and Hed Vall, G. 2017. Commitment to sustainability in small and medium-sized enterprises: The influence of strategic orientations and management values. Business Strategy and the Environment, 26(1): 69–83.
Jo, H., and Harjoto, M. A. 2011. Corporate governance and firm value: The impact of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 103(3):, 351–383.
Jung, S., Lee, S., and Dalbor, M. 2016. The negative synergistic effect of internationalization and corporate social responsibility on US restaurant firms’ value performance. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28 (8): 1759-1777.
Kiessling, T., Isaksson, L. and Yasar, B. 2016. Market orientation and CSR: performance
implications. Journal of Business Ethics, 137 (2): 269-284.
Kiessling, T., Isaksson, L., and Yasar, B. 2016. Market orientation and CSR: Performance implications. Journal of Business Ethics, 137(2): 269–284.
Kolk, A. 2004. A decade of sustainability reporting: developments and significance. International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development, 3(1): 51-64.
KPMG. 2017. Survey of Corporate Responsibility Reporting 2017. KPMG International Report.
Kraja, Y.B., and Osmani, E. 2015. Importance of external and internal environment in creation of competitive advantage to SMEs (Case of SMEs, in the Northern Region of Albania). European Scientific Journal, 11 (13): 11-22.
Long, W., Li, S., Wu, H., and Song, X. 2020. Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: the roles of government intervention and market competition. Corporate Social Responsibility Environmental Management, 27 (2): 525-541.
Manner, M. H. 2010. The impact of CEO characteristics on corporate social performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 93(1): 53–72.
Marquis, C., Glynn, M. A., and Davis, G. F. 2007. Community isomorphism and corporate social action. Academy of Management Review, 32(3): 925–945.
Martinez-Conesa, I., Soto-Acosta, P. and Palacios-Manzano, M. 2017. Corporate social responsibility and its effect on innovation and firm performance: an empirical research in SMEs. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142: 2374-2383.
McWilliams, A., and Siegel, D. 2001. Corporate social responsibility: A theory of the firm perspective. Academy of Management Review, 26(1): 117–127.
McWilliams, A., Siegel, D. and Wright, P. 2006. Corporate social responsibility: strategic implications. Journal of Management Studies, 43 (1): 1-18.
McWilliams, A., Siegel, D. S., and Wright, P. M. 2006. Corporate social responsibility: Strategic implications. Journal of Management Studies, 43(1): 1–18.
Miller, S.R., Eden, L. and Li, D. 2018. CSR reputation and firm performance: a dynamic approach. Journal of Business Ethics, 163 (3): 619-636.
Mishra, D. R. 2017. Post-innovation CSR performance and firm value. Journal of Business Ethics, 140(2): 285–306.
Nekhili, M., Nagati, H., Chtioui, T. and Rebolledo, C. 2017. Corporate social responsibility disclosure and market value: family versus nonfamily firms. Journal of Business Research, 77: 41-52.
Neubaum, D. O., and Zahra, S. A. 2006. Institutional ownership and corporate social performance: The moderating effects of causal horizon, activism, and coordination. Journal of Management, 32(1): 108–131.
Oh, W. Y., Chang, Y. K., and Martynov, A. 2011. The effect of ownership structure on corporate social responsibility: Empirical evidence from Korea. Journal of Business Ethics, 104(2): 283–297.
Orts, E.W. and Strudler, A. 2002. The ethical and environmental limits of stakeholder theory. Business Ethics Quarterly, 12 (2): 215-233.
Petrenko, O. V., Aime, F., Ridge, J., and Hill, A. 2016. Corporate social responsibility or CEO narcissism? CSR motivations and organizational performance. Strategic Management Journal, 37(2): 262–279.
Porter, M.E., and Kramer, M.R. 2006. Strategy and society: the link between competitive advantage and corporate social responsibility. Harvard Business Review, 84 (12): 78-92.
Rasheed, B., and Ahmad, M. 2022. Competitive intensity: bridging the gap between corporate social responsibility and competitive advantage. Journal of Strategy and Management, 15 (4): 745-765.
Ruf, B.M., Muralidhar, K., Brown, R.M., Janney, J.J. and Paul, K. 2001. An empirical investigation of the relationship between change in corporate social performance and financial performance: a stakeholder theory perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 32 (2): 143-156.
Siva, V., Gremyr, I., Bergquist, B., Garvare, R., Zobel, T. and Isaksson, R. 2016. The support of Quality Management to sustainable development: a literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 138 (2): 148-157.
Sweeney, L., and Coughlan, J. 2008. Do different industries report corporate social responsibility differently? An investigation through the lens of stakeholder theory. Journal of Marketing Communications, 14 (2): 113-124.
Tang, Y., Qian, C., Chen, G., and Shen, R. 2015. How CEO hubris affects corporate social (ir)responsibility. Strategic Management Journal, 36(9): 1338–1357.
Wong, E. M., Ormiston, M. E., and Tetlock, P. E. 2011. The effects of top management team integrative complexity and decentralized decision making on corporate social performance. Academy of Management Journal, 54(6): 1207–1228.
Worcester, R. 2009. Reflections on corporate reputations. Management Decision, 47 (4): 573-589.
Yu, H. C., Kuo, L., and Kao, M. F. 2017. The relationship between CSR disclosure and competitive advantage. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 8 (5): 547-570.
Yuan, Y., Lu, L. Y., Tian, G., and Yu, Y. 2020. Business strategy and corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 162(2): 359-377.‏
Zahra, S. A., and Pearce, J. A. 1990. Research evidence on the Miles–Snow typology. Journal of Management, 16(4): 751–768.