Designing an Entrepreneurial Mindset Model for Graduates According to an Interpretive-Structural Approach

Authors

1 PhD student of Economic Sociology and Development, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Nowadays, unemployment is regarded as one of the major challenges in developing countries; therefore, experts believe that entrepreneurial Mindset may be the factor that can cope with the unemployment challenge. Then, this study aimed to develop the model of entrepreneurial Mindset for graduates according an interpretative-structural approach. In this regard, the applied and descriptive-correlation method was used and the statistical population included 10 academic experts and successful entrepreneurs of Sistan and Baluchistan province. Interviews with experts were used to identify the components of the entrepreneurial Mindset of graduates, and the interpretive-structural modeling method with Excel software was used to develop the model. The results indicated that the entrepreneurial Mindset model for graduates has 4 levels, including the components (recognition of opportunities caused by technological changes, the ability to use potential opportunities, the ability to present new ideas, providing environment to use entrepreneurial opportunities, entrepreneurial self-efficacy) in the first level and the components (entrepreneurial attitude, resilience, internal control, motivation, self-confidence, risk-taking, inspiration) in the second level and the components (need for success, foresight, desire for freedom of action) in the third level and the entrepreneurship education component is in the fourth level and the entrepreneurship education component in the independent cluster, the component of the ability to use potential opportunities in the dependent cluster and the components (recognition of opportunities provided by technological changes, the ability to present new ideas, entrepreneurial attitude, providing environment to use entrepreneurial opportunities, entrepreneurial self-efficacy,

Keywords

References

  1.  آگهی، ح.، قربانی پیرعلی‌دهی، ف.، و صی محمدی، س. 1395. بررسی نگرش دانشجویان تحصیلات تکمیلی نسبت به خوداشتغالی در پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه، رفاه اجتماعی، 16(63): 313-281.

    1. بارانی، ش.، زرافشانی، ک.، دل انگیزان، س.، و حسینی لرگانی، م. 1389. تاثیر آموزش کارآفرینی بر رفتار کارآفرینانه دانشجویان دانشگاه پیام نور کرمانشاه: رویکرد مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری. پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی در آموزش عالی، 16(3): 105-85.
    2. درینی، م.، آقاجانی افروزی، ع.، و طهماسبی روشن، ن .1401. بررسی نقش آموزش کارآفرینی و قصد کارآفرینی دانشجویان با نقش میانجی خودباوری، نگرش و ذهنیت (مورد مطالعه دانشجویان استان مازندران). پژوهش در نظام‌های آموزشی، 16(56): 22-11.
    3. زاده­گرگان، م. 1400. بررسی تاثیر یادگیری کارآفرینی، الهام بخشی کارآفرینی و منابع آموزش کارآفرینی بر قصد کارآفرینی و رفتار کارآفرینی با توجه به نقش میانجی نگرش، هنجار و کنترل درک شده برای کارآفرین بودن (شرکت‌های مستقر در پارک‌ علم و فناوری دانشگاه شیراز). نهمین کنفرانس بین‌المللی ترفندهای مدرن مدیریت، حسابداری، اقتصاد و بانکداری با رویکرد رشد کسب‌وکارها. شرکت همایش آروین البرز، وین، اتریش، 30 خرداد.
    4. فاتحی، ع.، فرخی‌زاده، ا.، دشتی‌نژادپور، ن.، و موسوی، ز. 1399. نقش ذهینت کارآفرینانه در توفیق کارآفرینان. نهمین همایش ملی پژوهش‌های مدیریت و علوم انسانی در ایران، موسسه پژوهشی مدیریت مدبر، تهران، 20 اسفند.
    5. کریم­آبادی، ف. 1400. تاثیر آموزش کارآفرینی بر ذهنیت کارآفرینانه دانشجویان؛ نقش میانجی خودکارآمدی (مورد مطالعه: دانشجویان دانشگاه فنی حرفه‌ای چمران شهر کرمان). پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، مؤسسه آموزش عالی رسالت کرمان.
    6. محسنی، ع.، موسوی، ح.، و جمالی، م. 1392. نقش آموزش کارآفرینی در نگرش کارآفرینانه و باورخودکارآمدی عمومی دانشجویان. پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی در آموزش عالی، 19(69): 80-63.
    7. Atitsogbe, K.A., Mama, N.P., Sovet, L., Pari, P., and Rossier, J. 2019. Perceived employability and entrepreneurial intentions across university students and job seekers in Togo: The effect of career adaptability and self-efficacy. Frontiers in psychology, 10(1): 1-14.‏
    8. Baum, J.R., and Locke, E.A. 2004. The relationship of entrepreneurial traits, skill, and motivation to subsequent venture growth. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(4): 587-598.
    9. Bosman, L., and Fernhaber, S. 2018. Applying authentic learning through cultivation of the entrepreneurial mindset in the engineering classroom. Education Sciences, 9(1): 7-15.
    10. Brorstrom, B. 2002. The world’s richest municipality: The importance of institutions for municipal development. Journal of Economic Issues: 36, 55–78.
    11. Covin, J.G., and Slevin, D.P. 2017. The entrepreneurial imperatives of strategic leadership. in Hitt, M. Ireland, D, Camp, M. and Sexton, D. (Eds), Strategic Entrepreneurship: Creating a New Mindset, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, pp.307-327.
    12. Cromie, S. 2000. Assessing entrepreneurial inclinations: Some approaches and empirical
      European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 9(1): 7-30.
    13. Cui, J., Sun, J., and Bell, R. 2021. The impact of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial mindset of college students in China: The mediating role of inspiration and the role of educational attributes. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(1): 100296.‏
    14. Daspit, J.J., Fox, C.J., and Findley, S.K. 2021. Entrepreneurial mindset: An integrated definition, a review of current insights, and directions for future research. Journal of Small Business Management, 33: 1-33.
    15. Davis, M.H., Hall, J.A., and Mayer, P.S. (2016). Developing a new measure of entrepreneurial mindset: Reliability, validity, and implications for practitioners. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 68(1): 21-48.
    16. Elkaim, Y. 2000. What most successful entrepreneurs have in common—And how
      to be one. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbescoachescouncil/2020/02/25/whatmost-successful-entrepreneurs-have-in-common-and-how-to-be-one/#6c2188c91ad3.
    17. Haynie, J.M., Shepherd, D., Mosakowski, E. and Earley, P.C. 2010. A situated meta cognitive model of the entrepreneurial mindset. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(1): 217–229.
    18. Ireland, R.D., Hitt, M.A., and Sirmon, D.G. 2003. A model of strategic entrepreneurship: The construct and its dimensions. Journal of Management, 29(6): 963-989.
    19. Jabeen, F., Faisal, M.N., and Katsioloudes, M.I. 2017. Entrepreneurial mindset and the role of universities as strategic drivers of entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 24(1):136-157.
    20. Jiatong, W., Murad, M., Bajun, F., Tufail, M.S., Mirza, F., and Rafiq, M. 2021. Impact of entrepreneurial education, mindset, and creativity on entrepreneurial intention: mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(1): 3366.‏
    21. Jury, J.J. 1999. Focus: Sweden—Venture capitalists flock to Swedish high-tech. European Venture Capital Journal, 1: 34–38.
    22. Kirzner, I. 1973. Competition and Entrepreneurship. Chicago – London: The University of Chicago Press.
    23. Klingebiel, R., and Adner, R. 2014. Real options logic revisited: The performance effects of alternative resource allocation regimes. Academy of Management Journal, 58: 221–241.
    24. Kuratko, D.F. 2020. Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process, Practice. (11th ed.). Cengage.
    25. Kuratko, D.F., Fisher, G., and Audretsch, D.B. 2021. Unraveling the entrepreneurial mindset. Small Business Economics, 57(4): 1681-1691.‏
    26. Liao, Y.K., Nguyen, V.H.A., Chi, H.K., and Nguyen, H.H. 2022. Unraveling the direct and indirect effects of entrepreneurial education and mindset on entrepreneurial intention: The moderating role of entrepreneurial passion. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 41(3): 23-40.‏
    27. Lincoln, Y., and Guba, E. 1982. Epistemological and methodological bases of naturalistic inquiry. Educational Technology Research and Development, 30: 233-252.
    28. Lundmark, E., Krzeminska, A., and Shepherd, D.A. 2019. Images of entrepreneurship: Exploring root metaphors and expanding upon them. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 43(1): 138-170.
    29. Lv, Y., Chen, Y., Sha, Y., Wang, J., An, L., Chen, T., and Huang, L. 2021. How entrepreneurship education at universities influences entrepreneurial intention: mediating effect based on entrepreneurial competence. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 655868.‏
    30. McGrath, R., and MacMillan, I. 2000. The entrepreneurial mindset: Strategies for continuously creating opportunity in an age of uncertainty. Cambridge: Harvard Business School Press.
    31. McMullen, J.S., and Kier, A.S. 2016. Trapped by the entrepreneurial mindset: Opportunity seeking and escalation of commitment in the Mount Everest disaster. Journal of Business Venturing, 31(6): 663-686.
    32. Naumann, C. 2017. Entrepreneurial mindset: A synthetic literature review. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 5(3): 149-172.
    33. Shane, S., and Venkataraman, S. 2000. The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25, 217–236.
    34. Shepherd, D.A., Patzelt, H., and Haynie, J. M. 2010. Entrepreneurial spirals: Deviation amplifying loops of an entrepreneurial mindset and organizational culture. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34(1): 59-82.
    35. Utsch, A., Rauch, A., Rothfuss, R., and Frese, M. 1999. Who becomes a small scale entrepreneur in a post-socialist environment: On the differences between entrepreneurs and managers in East Germany. Journal of Small Business Management, 37(3): 31-42.
    36. Wright, M., Hoskisson, R.E., and Busenitz, L.W. 2001. Firm rebirth: Buyouts as facilitators of strategic growth and entrepreneurship. Academy of Management Perspectives, 15(1): 111-125.
    37. Zupan, B., Cankar, F., and Setnikar Cankar, S. 2018. The development of an entrepreneurial mindset in primary education. European Journal of Education, 53(3): 427-439.‏

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics