Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesJournal of Studies in Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Agricultural Development2821-097212120250421Analyzing the effects of rural business development on improving the livability of local communities (Case study: Project of cooperative management of natural resources and rural development, Oghan area, Golestan province)Analyzing the effects of rural business development on improving the livability of local communities (Case study: Project of cooperative management of natural resources and rural development, Oghan area, Golestan province)124697310.22069/jead.2024.22490.1830FAAsadShahaniFaculty member of University of Applied Science and Technology Sari, Mazanderan, Iran.MohammadrezaShahrakiExpert of the Department
of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Golestan Province, Gorgan, IranMahsaDomehryExpert at University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan, Iran.Journal Article20240530Since the creation and prosperity of rural businesses can be a requirement for the desire to remain in the villages, The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of rural business development on improving the livability of local communities in the Oghan watershed of Golestan province. The current research is descriptive-survey based on questionnaire. Its statistical population consisted of 365 rural business units. 188 units were selected as the sample number based on the Krejci Morgan table. The content validity of the research measurement tool was validated according to the opinions of a group of experts. To determine the convergent validity,The results obtained from the structural equation model showed that the development of rural businesses had a strong and significant positive effect on improving the livability of local communities. So that the prosperity of rural businesses through the creation of job opportunities and livelihood resources with the highest amount of path coefficient has been able to have the strongest positive and significant effect on improving the livability of local communities in the study area. The obtained results show that the variables of education, the amount of annual income in the family and the number of participants in educational and promotional courses and meetings, the number of family members and the number of employees had a positive and significant relationship with improving the livability of local communities.Since the creation and prosperity of rural businesses can be a requirement for the desire to remain in the villages, The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of rural business development on improving the livability of local communities in the Oghan watershed of Golestan province. The current research is descriptive-survey based on questionnaire. Its statistical population consisted of 365 rural business units. 188 units were selected as the sample number based on the Krejci Morgan table. The content validity of the research measurement tool was validated according to the opinions of a group of experts. To determine the convergent validity,The results obtained from the structural equation model showed that the development of rural businesses had a strong and significant positive effect on improving the livability of local communities. So that the prosperity of rural businesses through the creation of job opportunities and livelihood resources with the highest amount of path coefficient has been able to have the strongest positive and significant effect on improving the livability of local communities in the study area. The obtained results show that the variables of education, the amount of annual income in the family and the number of participants in educational and promotional courses and meetings, the number of family members and the number of employees had a positive and significant relationship with improving the livability of local communities.https://jead.gau.ac.ir/article_6973_df6489cb277e623883a6dde3952f1b77.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesJournal of Studies in Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Agricultural Development2821-097212120250421Identification of the Driving Factors for the Use of Crowdfunding in Social Entrepreneurship: Strategies and OutcomesIdentification of the Driving Factors for the Use of Crowdfunding in Social Entrepreneurship: Strategies and Outcomes2542697510.22069/jead.2024.22684.1843FAFatemehSaeediPhD student, Entrepreneurship Department, Aliabad Katul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katul, Iran.MajidNasiriManagement Department, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, IranBehzadShahrabiDepartment of Entrepreneurship, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran.Journal Article20240804The present research aims to identify the driving factors that facilitate the use of crowdfunding in social entrepreneurship within the health sector, while also seeking to present the resultant strategies and outcomes. This study is categorized as applied-descriptive in terms of its objectives and is exploratory in nature. Social entrepreneurship experts in the field of crowdfunding and health philanthropy constitute the study population, from which 15 individuals were purposefully selected to reach theoretical saturation through interviews. The classification of the conducted interviews was carried out using the Strauss and Corbin methodology, with a grounded theory approach. For coding and extracting the concepts from the interviews, the software Atlas.ti was utilized. The results indicated that trust, communication, marketing, and collaboration were the foundational factors supporting crowdfunding in social entrepreneurship within the health sector. According to the findings, the awareness and capabilities of entrepreneurs based on community needs, along with the gaps in legal frameworks and governmental support, were identified as the most significant contextual and intervening factors influencing crowdfunding in the health system. Key recommendations from this research include fostering networking in health sector crowdfunding, utilizing internet-based fundraising platforms and digital tools, conducting training courses, and implementing environmental, media, and virtual advertising strategies.The present research aims to identify the driving factors that facilitate the use of crowdfunding in social entrepreneurship within the health sector, while also seeking to present the resultant strategies and outcomes. This study is categorized as applied-descriptive in terms of its objectives and is exploratory in nature. Social entrepreneurship experts in the field of crowdfunding and health philanthropy constitute the study population, from which 15 individuals were purposefully selected to reach theoretical saturation through interviews. The classification of the conducted interviews was carried out using the Strauss and Corbin methodology, with a grounded theory approach. For coding and extracting the concepts from the interviews, the software Atlas.ti was utilized. The results indicated that trust, communication, marketing, and collaboration were the foundational factors supporting crowdfunding in social entrepreneurship within the health sector. According to the findings, the awareness and capabilities of entrepreneurs based on community needs, along with the gaps in legal frameworks and governmental support, were identified as the most significant contextual and intervening factors influencing crowdfunding in the health system. Key recommendations from this research include fostering networking in health sector crowdfunding, utilizing internet-based fundraising platforms and digital tools, conducting training courses, and implementing environmental, media, and virtual advertising strategies.https://jead.gau.ac.ir/article_6975_b1c8c239b43d08e2a4181fbdc777098f.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesJournal of Studies in Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Agricultural Development2821-097212120250421Unveiling the Conceptual And Social Structure of Agricultural Education In the World: A Bibliometric ApproachUnveiling the Conceptual And Social Structure of Agricultural Education In the World: A Bibliometric Approach4368725910.22069/jead.2025.23165.1878FABaharakAziziAgricultural Extension and Education, University of Applied Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20250107Global developments in agricultural education necessitate a precise understanding of the conceptual and social structures within this field to better grasp its challenges and opportunities. The aim of this study is to analyze trends in research related to agricultural education and to identify its conceptual and social structures through bibliometric analysis. For this purpose, 1,431 articles from the WOS database covering the period from 1980 to 2024 were collected and analyzed using the R4.4.2 software. Initially, descriptive statistics of the extracted articles were presented, and then the most influential authors, works, and journals were identified. The results revealed seven key research clusters: "Governance and Food Security," "Agricultural Research," "Agricultural Extension," "Sustainability and Biodiversity in Agriculture," "Rural Development and Youth in Agriculture," "Agricultural Education and Productivity," and "Innovations and Adoption of Agricultural Technology." These clusters represent significant research trends in this area. Based on these findings, it is suggested that future research should focus more on emerging topics such as "Food Governance" and "Innovations in Agricultural Technology," especially in the political and social contexts related to agriculture. This emphasis on emerging trends could enhance the quality and applicability of research in this field.Global developments in agricultural education necessitate a precise understanding of the conceptual and social structures within this field to better grasp its challenges and opportunities. The aim of this study is to analyze trends in research related to agricultural education and to identify its conceptual and social structures through bibliometric analysis. For this purpose, 1,431 articles from the WOS database covering the period from 1980 to 2024 were collected and analyzed using the R4.4.2 software. Initially, descriptive statistics of the extracted articles were presented, and then the most influential authors, works, and journals were identified. The results revealed seven key research clusters: "Governance and Food Security," "Agricultural Research," "Agricultural Extension," "Sustainability and Biodiversity in Agriculture," "Rural Development and Youth in Agriculture," "Agricultural Education and Productivity," and "Innovations and Adoption of Agricultural Technology." These clusters represent significant research trends in this area. Based on these findings, it is suggested that future research should focus more on emerging topics such as "Food Governance" and "Innovations in Agricultural Technology," especially in the political and social contexts related to agriculture. This emphasis on emerging trends could enhance the quality and applicability of research in this field.https://jead.gau.ac.ir/article_7259_92558333ac13a6d8d2402f097d5a45fe.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesJournal of Studies in Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Agricultural Development2821-097212120250421Process-mapping of the experiential entrepreneurial learning approach to student enterprise development; socio-economic empowerment of students in the path of the Islamic-Iranian model of progressProcess-mapping of the experiential entrepreneurial learning approach to student enterprise development; socio-economic empowerment of students in the path of the Islamic-Iranian model of progress6986665410.22069/jead.2023.21664.1748FAMohammad SharifSharifzadehDepartment of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agricultural Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.GholamhosseinAbdollahzadehDepartment Of Agricultural Extension and Education,, Faculty of Agricultural Management,, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, IranFatemehRajabian GharibDepartment of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Rural Development, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran.Journal Article20231005The current disregard for students' economic circumstances during higher education has led to their inability to generate income. Consequently, they rely on others and are excluded from active participation in socio-economic matters, leading to social passivity and indifference. This study aims to address this issue by establishing a mechanism that strengthens the student economy, integrating it into the national economy as a knowledge-based and innovative component that fosters experiential learning. To achieve this, the research maps the process of student enterprises through document analysis and identifies necessary support for entrepreneur students through semi-structured interviews conducted using the serial focus group method. The sample size comprised 22 participants, and data collection continued until theoretical saturation or the usefulness threshold was reached. Qualitative content analysis was then employed to analyze the data, resulting in the identification of 30 representative conceptual propositions for advancing student enterprises as a mechanism of student socio-economic empowerment. In conclusion, based on the research findings, it is highly recommended to enhance the support system for student entrepreneurs in order to foster their success. This can be achieved by implementing various measures such as improving access to seed capital, business consulting services, laboratory facilities, and mentoring programs.The current disregard for students' economic circumstances during higher education has led to their inability to generate income. Consequently, they rely on others and are excluded from active participation in socio-economic matters, leading to social passivity and indifference. This study aims to address this issue by establishing a mechanism that strengthens the student economy, integrating it into the national economy as a knowledge-based and innovative component that fosters experiential learning. To achieve this, the research maps the process of student enterprises through document analysis and identifies necessary support for entrepreneur students through semi-structured interviews conducted using the serial focus group method. The sample size comprised 22 participants, and data collection continued until theoretical saturation or the usefulness threshold was reached. Qualitative content analysis was then employed to analyze the data, resulting in the identification of 30 representative conceptual propositions for advancing student enterprises as a mechanism of student socio-economic empowerment. In conclusion, based on the research findings, it is highly recommended to enhance the support system for student entrepreneurs in order to foster their success. This can be achieved by implementing various measures such as improving access to seed capital, business consulting services, laboratory facilities, and mentoring programs.https://jead.gau.ac.ir/article_6654_0ef51a6c257d4c51541b7aaa27c6990c.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesJournal of Studies in Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Agricultural Development2821-097212120250421Analysis of the Strategies to Improve the New Agricultural Extension System of IranAnalysis of the Strategies to Improve the New Agricultural Extension System of Iran87110725510.22069/jead.2025.22857.1859FASolmazHaddadiAgricultural Extension, Communication and Rural Development Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan,, Zanjan, IranGholamrezaMojarradiAssociate Professor, Department of Extension, Communication and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, IranSayed MahmoodHoseiniProfessor, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.JavadGhasemiAssistant Professor, Agricultural Education and Extension Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20241010The New Agricultural Extension System (NAES) has been the most important executive measure to improve the functions and solve the problems of agricultural extension in the country since 2011. Therefore, the present study analyze the solutions to improve NAES. The statistical population was agricultural extension managers and experts in 10 selected provinces in 2024 (3123 people). The sample size was estimated through the Cochran formula (342 people) and was selected using the stratified sampling method with proportional assignment. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Its validity was confirmed by referring to experts and academics, and its reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 software, and Smart PLS version 3 software was used for structural equation modeling with a path analysis approach. The results showed that the current efficiency of NAES was below average. The most efficient part of extension was responding to the needs of the beneficiaries. Also, the best solution for the transformation and improvement of NAES was the development of human capital. The results of the path analysis showed that the variables of providing sustainable financial resources and infrastructure, policy-making and planning, transformation in structure, processes, and functions, human capital development, and development of knowledge management had a positive and significant effect on the improvement of the modern extension system with coefficients of 0/53, 0/42, 0/38, 0/36, and 0/29, respectively. However, the variables of monitoring, evaluation, and effectiveness measurement did not have a significant effect.The New Agricultural Extension System (NAES) has been the most important executive measure to improve the functions and solve the problems of agricultural extension in the country since 2011. Therefore, the present study analyze the solutions to improve NAES. The statistical population was agricultural extension managers and experts in 10 selected provinces in 2024 (3123 people). The sample size was estimated through the Cochran formula (342 people) and was selected using the stratified sampling method with proportional assignment. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Its validity was confirmed by referring to experts and academics, and its reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 software, and Smart PLS version 3 software was used for structural equation modeling with a path analysis approach. The results showed that the current efficiency of NAES was below average. The most efficient part of extension was responding to the needs of the beneficiaries. Also, the best solution for the transformation and improvement of NAES was the development of human capital. The results of the path analysis showed that the variables of providing sustainable financial resources and infrastructure, policy-making and planning, transformation in structure, processes, and functions, human capital development, and development of knowledge management had a positive and significant effect on the improvement of the modern extension system with coefficients of 0/53, 0/42, 0/38, 0/36, and 0/29, respectively. However, the variables of monitoring, evaluation, and effectiveness measurement did not have a significant effect.https://jead.gau.ac.ir/article_7255_9b52b94bfc9b708d4fd96b3ed416bc4b.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesJournal of Studies in Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Agricultural Development2821-097212120250421The effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention with the role of mediator of entrepreneurial passion and moderator of entrepreneurial vigilanceThe effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention with the role of mediator of entrepreneurial passion and moderator of entrepreneurial vigilance111130725610.22069/jead.2025.23058.1873FASeyed RezaMousavi FardUniversity of Applied Science and Technology, Industrial Management Organization, Kermanshah, Iran.NaderNaderiDepartment of Management and Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Social Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, IranJournal Article20241212The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention with the role of mediator of entrepreneurial passion and moderator of entrepreneurial vigilance. The statistical population was researchers in the agricultural field of Razi University of Kermanshah in the academic year 1402-1403. The statistical population was 1550 people, and the sample size was 308 people selected using the Morgan table using the simple random sampling method. The data collection method was fieldwork and the required tool was the use of a questionnaire. The data analysis method was descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling using two softwares, Spss26 and Amos24. The findings showed that entrepreneurship education responds to 58 percent of entrepreneurial intention. Entrepreneurship education predicts 61 percent of changes resulting from entrepreneurial passion, and finally entrepreneurial passion responds to 10 percent of changes resulting from entrepreneurial intention. The results of the Sobel test showed that the mediating role of entrepreneurial passion between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention was examined. Also, entrepreneurial awareness as a moderating role after being added to entrepreneurship education was found to have a 43% effect on entrepreneurial intention. The results showed that entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial passion are influential factors on entrepreneurial intention. Also, entrepreneurial awareness with a moderating role strengthens and improves entrepreneurial intention. It is suggested that specialized entrepreneurship education is an efficient tool in executive universities so that students become familiar with the concepts of entrepreneurship and want entrepreneurship to arise in them.The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention with the role of mediator of entrepreneurial passion and moderator of entrepreneurial vigilance. The statistical population was researchers in the agricultural field of Razi University of Kermanshah in the academic year 1402-1403. The statistical population was 1550 people, and the sample size was 308 people selected using the Morgan table using the simple random sampling method. The data collection method was fieldwork and the required tool was the use of a questionnaire. The data analysis method was descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling using two softwares, Spss26 and Amos24. The findings showed that entrepreneurship education responds to 58 percent of entrepreneurial intention. Entrepreneurship education predicts 61 percent of changes resulting from entrepreneurial passion, and finally entrepreneurial passion responds to 10 percent of changes resulting from entrepreneurial intention. The results of the Sobel test showed that the mediating role of entrepreneurial passion between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention was examined. Also, entrepreneurial awareness as a moderating role after being added to entrepreneurship education was found to have a 43% effect on entrepreneurial intention. The results showed that entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial passion are influential factors on entrepreneurial intention. Also, entrepreneurial awareness with a moderating role strengthens and improves entrepreneurial intention. It is suggested that specialized entrepreneurship education is an efficient tool in executive universities so that students become familiar with the concepts of entrepreneurship and want entrepreneurship to arise in them.https://jead.gau.ac.ir/article_7256_75d947a2bd3d5c247c9162abb824898e.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesJournal of Studies in Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Agricultural Development2821-097212120250421Emergy Cost-Benefit Analysis of Cropping Systems for Sustainable Agriculture Development in the Sistan RegionEmergy Cost-Benefit Analysis of Cropping Systems for Sustainable Agriculture Development in the Sistan Region131148726110.22069/jead.2025.23297.1883FAShir AliKoohkanSistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Zabol, IranMajidDahmardehDepartment of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Development, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IranMahmoodMohammad GhasemiSistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Zabol, Iran0000-0002-1570-4559Journal Article20250208Achieving agricultural sustainability and reducing environmental pressure are two major goals of ecosystem management in the current century, which has been challenged by the lack of appropriate energy efficiency. The aim of this study is to analyze the energy cost-benefit of cropping systems in the sustainable agricultural development of the Sistan region. In this study, different sources of energy supply and important indicators of sustainability and environmental burden for three cultivation systems of wheat, Yaqouti grapes, and greenhouse cucumber in Sistan in 1402 were analyzed using the emergy cost-benefit analysis method. The results showed that the total energy consumed in the three cultivation systems of wheat, ruby grapes, and greenhouse cucumber was 1.06×1016, 1.94×1016, and 1.094×1018 solar joules per hectare, respectively. The energy efficiency index for the three cropping systems was 0.115, 0.28, and 0.035 kg/MJ, respectively, with the highest efficiency for Yaqouti grapes and the lowest efficiency for greenhouse cucumber. The benefit-cost ratio index for the three cultivation systems of wheat, Yaqouti grapes, and greenhouse cucumber was 1.6, 3.08, and 1.39, respectively, and the productivity index for the above three cultivation systems was 0.109, 0.154, and 0.001, respectively. The results show that although the greenhouse cucumber cultivation system apparently provides more income to the farmer, among the systems studied, the greenhouse cucumber cultivation system has the lowest benefit-to-cost ratio and the lowest productivity.Achieving agricultural sustainability and reducing environmental pressure are two major goals of ecosystem management in the current century, which has been challenged by the lack of appropriate energy efficiency. The aim of this study is to analyze the energy cost-benefit of cropping systems in the sustainable agricultural development of the Sistan region. In this study, different sources of energy supply and important indicators of sustainability and environmental burden for three cultivation systems of wheat, Yaqouti grapes, and greenhouse cucumber in Sistan in 1402 were analyzed using the emergy cost-benefit analysis method. The results showed that the total energy consumed in the three cultivation systems of wheat, ruby grapes, and greenhouse cucumber was 1.06×1016, 1.94×1016, and 1.094×1018 solar joules per hectare, respectively. The energy efficiency index for the three cropping systems was 0.115, 0.28, and 0.035 kg/MJ, respectively, with the highest efficiency for Yaqouti grapes and the lowest efficiency for greenhouse cucumber. The benefit-cost ratio index for the three cultivation systems of wheat, Yaqouti grapes, and greenhouse cucumber was 1.6, 3.08, and 1.39, respectively, and the productivity index for the above three cultivation systems was 0.109, 0.154, and 0.001, respectively. The results show that although the greenhouse cucumber cultivation system apparently provides more income to the farmer, among the systems studied, the greenhouse cucumber cultivation system has the lowest benefit-to-cost ratio and the lowest productivity.https://jead.gau.ac.ir/article_7261_dbc3b4a18478e8aadf9e4beaf5530e46.pdf